The assessment method one chooses is driven by the thinking skills articulated in the learning outcome to be measured. Depending on whether the assessment is formative or summative, consider how students will receive feedback on their work and what they respond to or incorporate this feedback.

Click on specific assessment methods below to reveal recommended learning technologies that could facilitate such assessments.

The learning outcome types are in order from lower level thinking (Recall, Understanding) to higher level thinking (Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, Create).

*Learning Outcome Types and Assessment Methods*
Learning Outcome Type¹	Definition	Action Words for Outcomes	Discussion Questions	Best Practices	Assessment Methods
Recall	Retrieve, recall, or recognize knowledge from long-term memory	Define Describe Identify Label List Locate Match Name Recall Select State	What do we already know about...? What did you notice about...? What are the principles of ...? How does...tie in with what we learned before?	Allow multiple attempts (reiteration) Interleaving	Weekly & daily practice quizzes (multiple choice, multiple answer, fill in blank, matching questions, true/false) In-video quizzes Journals Weekly & daily practice quizzes can be facilitated through: Canvas Quizzes Canvas New Quizzes Kaltura Quizzes (multiple choice, true/false) Panopto Quizzes (multiple choice, true/false) In-video quizzes can be facilitated through: Kaltura Quizzes (multiple choice, true/false) Panopto Quizzes (multiple choice, true/false) Journals can be facilitated through: Canvas Quizzes (essay questions) Canvas New Quizzes (essay questions) Canvas Assignments (possibly multiple assignments connected to the same Google or Word document that gets updated) Canvas Discussions (possibly set up as group discussions with 1 student per group)
Understand	Demonstrate comprehension through one or more forms of explanation	Articulate Classify Contrast Clarify Demonstrate Describe Discuss Explain Infer Extend Interpret Paraphrase Summarize	Summarize...or Explain... What will happen if...? What does...mean? How might you demonstrate...?	Explicitly share the organization of activities Structure opportunities to connect new learning to prior knowledge and/or lived experience	Weekly & daily practice quizzes (multiple choice, fill in blank, short answer questions) Concept maps Problem sets Video discussions Discussion boards Group (collaborative) annotation of articles/ textbooks In-video quizzes Weekly & daily practice quizzes can be facilitated through: Canvas Quizzes Canvas New Quizzes Kaltura Quizzes (multiple choice, ungraded short answer) Panopto Quizzes (multiple choice, ungraded short answer) Concept maps can be facilitated through: Lucidchart Problem sets can be facilitated through: Canvas Quizzes Canvas New Quizzes Gradescope Canvas Assignments Video discussions can be facilitated through: Zoom MS Teams BigBlueButton (formerly Canvas Conferences) See a comparison of Zoom, Teams, and BigBlueButton (formerly Conferences). Discussions can be facilitated through: Canvas Discussions Ed Discussion Group (collaborative) annotation of articles/textbooks can be facilitated through: Hypothesis Perusall See a comparison of Hypothesis and Perusall.
Apply	Use information or a skill in a new situation	Apply Calculate Change Choose Construct Discover Experiment Illustrate Manipulate Modify Predict Solve Use	What would happen if...? What is a new example of ...? How could...be used to...? What is the counterargument for...? What would you have done in this situation? What do you think they should do? How does ....play out in this context?	Use rubrics to offer incremental feedback on projects	Reflection discussion boards (how do concepts relate to the real world, field, etc.) Problem sets Blog posts Journals Papers Case studies Blogs can be facilitated through: CU Blogs/Campuspress Papers can be facilitated through: Canvas Assignments Turnitin Assignment (via Canvas Assignment) Case study papers can be facilitated through: Canvas Assignments Turnitin Assignment (via Canvas Assignment) Case study presentations can be facilitated through: Canvas Assignments (possibly w/ Peer Review enabled) Canvas Discussions (possibly students post presentation videos via Kaltura and discuss their own and other presentation) Zoom, MS Teams, or BigBlueButton (formerly Canvas Conferences) (for live presentations)
Analyze	Break material into its constituent parts and determine how the parts relate to one another	Analyze Appraise Categorize Compare Contrast Debate Diagram Differentiate Examine Experiment Organize	Why is ... important? What might...have in common? How are they different? What are the implications of...? Explain why / explain how?	Scaffold complex tasks Make evaluative criteria explicit	Case studies Papers Debates Group (collaborative) annotation of articles/ textbooks Debates can be facilitated through: Zoom MS Teams BigBlueButton (formerly Canvas Conferences)
Evaluate	Make judgments based on criteria and standards	Appraise Assess Compare Contrast Critique Defend Determine Discriminate Estimate Explain Interpret Measure Predict Summarize Support	How does ...affect ...? Why is...happening? What is the best...and why? Do you agree or disagree with the statement...? What evidence is there to support your answer? What are the strengths and weaknesses of...? What is the nature of...?	Design rubric for peer feedback and evaluation and self-evaluation	Peer review activities Group member evaluation Self-evaluation Journals, critiques, product reviews, studies Problem sets Peer review can be facilitated through: Turnitin PeerMark Canvas Assignments (w/ Peer Review enabled) FeedbackFruits See a comparison of peer evaluation tools. Group member evaluation can be facilitated through: Canvas Assignments (possibly by providing a template file with evaluation criteria and having students download, edit, and re-upload the file) FeedbackFruits Self-evaluation can be facilitated through: Canvas Assignments (possibly by providing a template file with evaluation criteria and having students download, edit, and re-upload the file) Turnitin PeerMark Journal, critique, product review, and study file submissions can be facilitated through: Canvas Assignments Turnitin Assignment (via Canvas Assignment) Journal, critique, product review, and study presentations can be facilitated through: Canvas Assignments (possibly w/ Peer Review enabled) Canvas Discussions (possibly students post presentation videos via Kaltura and discuss their own and other presentation) Zoom, MS Teams, or BigBlueButton (formerly Canvas Conferences) (for live presentations)
Create	Put elements together to form a new coherent or functional whole; reorganize elements into a new pattern or structure	Animate Arrange Create Construct Design Develop Devise Formulate Generate Modify Outline Produce Reconstruct	What is the solution to the problem of...? What do you think causes ...? What is another way to look at...?	Offer several, varied exemplars to model and inspire Make explicit criteria for the provision of reflection on/rationale for creative choices	Portfolios Project (research, performance, website design) Papers Case studies Peer reviewed video presentations Portfolios can be facilitated through: Digication
¹ Learning outcome types are pulled from Bloom's Taxonomy. See verbs that align to various levels of Bloom's Taxonomy.